您的位置:首页 > 起名

蒲葵树图片欣赏(蒲葵树图片)

蒲葵树图片欣赏(蒲葵树图片)

它叫“蒲葵”,很多人可能没听过但却用过,夏天没它很“难熬”

前言

导读:它叫“蒲葵”,很多人可能没听过但却用过,夏天没它很“难熬”

都说“日过夏至渐热”,古人这话说得一点都不夸张。自从进入到夏至节气以后,气温是一天比一天热了,常常是出现三十八九度的高温天气,即便是室内有空调,可是一旦出来了还是热得浑身难受。

那在没有空调的时代,夏天又是如何度过的呢?今天和大家说一种不一样的植物——蒲葵,可能很多人没有听说过它的大名,但应该都有用过,因为没有空调的日子里,它曾是降温“神器”,没有它的夏日很难熬。你有印象吗?

蒲葵的小科普

在神话故事《西游记》中,唐僧师徒四人过火焰山的时候,为了扇灭火焰山的大火,孙悟空去找铁扇公主借芭蕉扇,其实这芭蕉扇就是蒲扇,而之所以叫它芭蕉扇,那是因为它长得很像芭蕉叶而已,因此而得名。另外家喻户晓的济公和尚,他一年四季拿在手里的破扇子,也是一把蒲扇。而蒲扇的制作材料,就是蒲葵。

蒲葵这个大名,可能很多人都没有听说过,但是蒲扇绝对是如雷贯耳了,很多的80后、90后小时候的夏季,可是伴随着妈妈,或者是外婆(奶奶)的蒲扇入睡的。

在当时的条件比较简陋,很多地区还没有通电。而到了夏季消暑三宝也就拿出来了,它们分别是蒲扇、蚊帐和草席。其中蒲扇的出镜率最高,白天晚上都是离不开它的。当热得不行的时候,基本上是人手一把,不仅大人有,小孩子也会有一把。只能是借助于这样的简单粗暴的方法来给自己降温。可能北方地区以蒲草做扇子的较多,可是在南方地区,基本都是用蒲葵为之。

而制作蒲扇的树木就是蒲葵,它是棕榈科、蒲葵属的多年生常绿乔木,树干非常的高大,可以长到20米以上,并且基部膨大,而叶子也很宽大,基部常膨大,非常适合制作蒲扇,它的果实是椭圆形橄榄状。

蒲葵的价值参考

蒲葵是一种喜温暖、湿润环境的植物,它有较强的耐贫瘠能力,但是却不耐干旱,惧怕北方烈日曝晒,因此主要是分布在我国南方一带,其中广东、广西、福建等省份就比较多,过去也曾经把它作为一种经济树木大面积种植。

蒲葵其实全身都是宝,它的嫩叶子能用来制作蒲扇,方法也不复杂,但是比较的繁琐。先是要把蒲葵叶子砍回来,一般留取叶柄长30厘米以上,然后把它放到太阳下面晾晒,大约要连续晒上20天左右,一直等到叶子全干了,这个时候它也就由绿色变成了白色。然后还要经过水洗烘干,并以重物压平;之后才会根据葵叶的大小,剪成不同规格的扇形,最后再用篾丝、丝线缘其边,仍用其葵柄为扇柄,这样一把蒲扇就做好了。

用蒲葵树叶子制作的蒲扇非常的轻巧,并且还很耐用,一把如果保护得当,用上五六年也不会坏。就算是坏了,也一般都是边缘先坏。而家庭妇女们就会用针线活把它的边缘缝补一下。有些人新的蒲扇买回来了,也会第一时间对其进行包边,这样不光是起到美化、装饰,同时还能保护蒲扇的边缘。

在过去因为蒲扇的需求量很大,家家户户都要购买,并且一家人就要购买数把蒲扇,在当时一年就要卖出去数亿把蒲扇。虽然一把蒲扇才几块钱,但是大家看得都很珍重。所以很多地方都会发展种植蒲葵,并且把它制作成为蒲扇售卖。

蒲葵不光是可以制作蒲扇,它的老叶子还能制作成为蓑衣。另外还可以编制成为船篷、盖房顶的遮盖物和葵席、花篮、画扇、织扇等工艺品,远销日本、欧美和南洋等国家和地区。

除此以外,蒲葵的果实和根还能入药的,就连它叶子裂片的肋脉都有大用途,在过去常把它加工成为牙签;这个要比竹子的牙签更实用。

结束语

但是在今天,蒲葵的用途已经发生了很大的变化,在很多地方都已经不种植蒲葵了,它更多的作为一种观赏植物了,只因它是四季常青的,并且长得也很高大,具有很高的观赏价值。南方有些公园、酒店、路边,就能看到高高的成排的蒲葵树木。

但是大家需要注意,蒲葵和棕榈可是两种不同的植物,不要把它们搞混了。这两者都是属于棕榈科的植物,由于长得很像,常常难以区分,很多人也把它们当成一种植物。其实蒲葵是更高大的植物,能长到20米以上,而棕榈比较低矮,最高也就是10米左右。

同时蒲葵的分布很有限,因为它不耐炎热,也不耐寒冷,而棕榈适应性很强,国内大部分地区都有分布。当然了叶子也有区别,蒲葵的叶则较大,叶裂较浅,叶片尖端自然下垂。而棕榈的叶片不仅小,而且叶片裂缝较为明显,因此它是很不适合用来做扇子。估计很多农村长大的小伙伴,小时候也有用棕榈叶子来做扇子,可是却不耐用,并且非常的细小。

现在因为有了风扇,再加上空调也进入到了千家万户了。很多的商家,也常用塑胶的扇子来做广告,所以蒲扇在市面上已经很少见到了,也就是一些上了年纪的老人,依然还会坚持用蒲扇,因为他们多数不敢吹空调,也不习惯吹风扇,还是喜欢用蒲扇。

各位朋友们,你们小时候可有用过蒲扇呢?还记得它吗?在当时没有了蒲扇是很难熬的,就如现在人说要空调“续命”,几十年前老百姓就是靠蒲扇来“续命”,它不光是能降温,还能驱赶蚊虫,夏季还可以起到遮阳帽的作用,用途太广了。

在你的家乡还有人种植它吗?在你的印象中,蒲扇还有哪些故事呢?欢迎大家伙在下面的评论区留言讨论!

图片来源网络,侵权可删除!

形声字学练大全 第22单元掌握形声字

提示:

①读者没时间或没兴趣“反应练习题”不打紧,你试一回:每一篇只看文后为读者量身设计的带环境的答案,也是妥妥又满满的收获哟!

②对文中的习题,一律采用“一人持手机按练习给出的提示反应答案(朗朗上口,难字书空);另一人持手机看着答案部分做裁判”的方法学练,既减负又快捷。请你记住喽!

阅读此学练课之前,麻烦您点击下“关注”,方便与您讨论分享改进,也方便您及时阅读下一堂学练课。为了感谢您的关注,我们将隔三差五提供优质的学练课,希望对您有所助益!

一、【辅导】

今天这堂课我们讲22单元:掌握形声字。

现代汉字中的形声字所占比例为85%以上。

形声字的形旁和声旁结合的方式大致可归为六类:

1.左形右声:涂 跳 玩 搅 物 悟 蚊 姐 冻 晚

2.右形左声:期 视 鸠 剧 战 顽 颓 却 顶 颈

3.上形下声:箭 蓝 蔼 昂 罩 晏 窝 完 笤 萌

4.下形上声:裳 笃 剪 繁 架 姿 吞 贪 蜚 忠

5.内形外声:辫 辩 魔 裁 问 勉 虑 糜 闻 翅

6.外形内声:闺 赶 衢 医 羞 瘟 透 厅 毡 围

形声字的声旁表示字的读音,大多数是近似的音,不完全准确。大致可归为五类:

1.声旁和字的声母、韵母、声调完全相同,如:瞳[tónɡ→童tónɡ]牲[shēnɡ→生shēnɡ] 蚓[yǐn→引yǐn]

2.声母、韵母相同,声调不同,如:审[shěn→申shēn]挺[tǐnɡ→廷tínɡ]飕[sōu→叟sǒu]

3.声母相同,韵母不同,如:砰[pēnɡ→平pínɡ]锹[qiāo→秋qiū] 藐[miǎo→貌mào]

4.韵母相同,声母不同,如:厅[tīnɡ→丁dīnɡ]松[sōnɡ→公ɡōnɡ]逃[táo→兆zhào]

5.声旁完全不能表音,如:诉[sù→斥chì]臀[tún→殿diàn]社[shè→土tǔ]

中小学生也好,成人也罢,掌握了形声字,就可快速地掌握汉字的认、读、记、写、用。

比如,听写或用到“迁移”的“迁”字,你马上会反应到有个声旁“千”(qiɑn),接着联想到形旁“辶”表义,辶部字多与走路或路有关。

掌握形声字,除了以上方法外,主要的方法是:先用某个声旁组形声字,再用新组的形声字组词。

二、【示例】

先用某个声旁组形声字,再用新组的形声字组词。

组字:

声旁声旁“癸”(ɡui),可以组成形声字:葵(上形下声)、睽(左形右声)。

组词:

kuí(葵花)(葵扇)(葵花子)(海葵)(锦葵)(蒲葵)(蜀葵)(天竺葵)(向日葵)

kuí(睽异)(睽睽)(万目睽睽)(众目睽睽)

三、【习练】

请你参照上面的示例,按下面给出的声旁组字,组词(不求多,但求建立联想和形象记忆)。

1.组字:声旁“贵”(ɡui),可以组成形声字:( )。

组词:( )。

2.组字:声旁“衮”(ɡun),可以组成形声字:( )。

组词:( )。

3.组字:声旁“呙”(ɡuo),可以组成形声字:( )。

组词:( )。

4.组字:声旁“国”(ɡuo),可以组成形声字:( )。

组词:( )。

5.组字:声旁“果”(ɡuo),可以组成形声字:( )。

组词:( )。

6.组字:声旁“旱”(hɑn),可以组成形声字:( )。

组词:( )。

四、【答案】

1.溃(左形右声)、馈(左形右声)、匮(外形内声)、聩(左形右声)、篑(上形下声)、愦(左形右声)、遗(外形内声)。

㈠ kuì(溃败)(溃兵)(溃窜)(溃堤dī)(溃决)(溃军)(溃烂)(溃乱)(溃灭)(溃散sàn)(溃逃)(溃退)(溃围)(溃疡yánɡ)(溃不成军)(崩溃)(击溃)

㈡ huì(溃脓)

kuì(馈送)(馈遗wèi)(馈线)(馈献)(馈赠)(反馈)

kuì(匮乏)(匮竭)(匮缺)(民穷财匮)

kuì(发聋振聩)(振聋发聩)

kuì(功亏一篑)

kuì(愦乱)(昏愦)

㈠ yí(遗笔)(遗产)(遗传)(遗存)(遗毒)(遗风)(遗稿)(遗孤)(遗骨)(遗骸hái)

(遗害)(遗憾hàn)(遗痕)(遗恨)(遗患)(遗祸)(遗迹)(遗教jiào)(遗老)(遗留)

(遗漏)(遗民)(遗墨)(遗尿)(遗篇)(遗弃)(遗缺)(遗容)(遗少shào)(遗失)

(遗矢)(遗事)(遗书)(遗属)(遗孀shuānɡ)(遗体)(遗忘)(遗闻)(遗物)(遗像)(遗训)(遗言)(遗业)(遗愿)(遗诏zhào)(遗照)(遗址)(遗志)(遗嘱)(遗著)

(遗族)(遗臭万年)(遗世独立)(补遗)(拾遗)(后遗症)(不遗余力)

㈡ wèi(遗之千金)(馈遗)

2.滚(左形右声)、磙(左形右声)。

ɡǔn(滚边)(滚存)(滚蛋)(滚荡)(滚刀)(滚动)(滚翻)(滚肥)(滚沸)(滚杠)(滚锅)(滚开)(滚雷)(滚轮)(滚木)(滚热)(滚水)(滚汤)(滚淌tǎnɡ)(滚烫)(滚筒(滚圆)(滚珠)(滚瓜烂熟)(滚瓜溜圆)(打滚)(翻滚)(沸滚)(电滚子)(屁滚尿流)

ɡǔn(磙地)(磙子zi)(石磙)

3. 锅(左形右声)、涡(左形右声)、蜗(左形右声)、祸(左形右声)、剐(右形左声)、娲(左形右声)、窝(上形下声)、莴(上形下声)。

ɡuō(锅巴)(锅饼)(锅底)(锅盖)(锅伙huo)(锅盔kuī)(锅炉)(锅台)(锅灶)(锅庄)

(锅子zi)(锅贴儿)(饭锅)(回锅)(火锅)(开锅)(气锅)(沙锅)(烧锅)(汤锅)(铁锅)(腰锅)(砸锅)(蒸锅)(二锅头)(连锅端)(罗锅儿)(涮shuàn锅子)(烟锅儿)(钢精锅)(烟袋锅)(一品锅)

㈠ wō(涡流)(涡旋)(涡电流)(涡轮机)(酒涡)(水涡)(笑涡)(旋涡)(漩涡)

㈡ ɡuō(涡河)

wō(蜗杆)(蜗角)(蜗居)(蜗轮)(蜗牛)(蜗旋)(蜗角虚名)(蜗行牛步)(耳蜗)

huò(祸端)(祸根)(祸害)(祸患)(祸及)(祸乱)(祸事)(祸首)(祸心)(祸殃)(祸种zhǒnɡ)(祸不单行)(祸国殃民)(祸起萧xiāo墙)(惨祸)(车祸)(闯祸)(匪祸)(横祸)(巨祸)(惹祸)(人祸)(外祸)(遗祸)(灾祸)(战祸)(天灾人祸)(幸灾乐祸)

ɡuǎ(剐破)(千刀万剐)

wā(女娲)(女娲补天)

wō(窝憋bie)(窝藏)(窝巢)(窝点)(窝风)(窝工)(窝火)(窝家)(窝囊nɑnɡ)

(窝棚penɡ)(窝铺pù)(窝气)(窝头)(窝心)(窝赃)(窝主)(窝里斗dòu)(窝里反)(抱窝)(被窝)(蜂窝)(狗窝)(肩窝)(酒窝)(毛窝)(山窝)(笑窝)(心窝)(眼窝)(燕窝)(腋窝)(贼窝)(炸窝)(肘窝)(猪窝)(蜂窝煤)(挪窝儿)(一窝蜂)

wō(莴苣jù)(莴笋)

4. 蝈(左形右声)、帼(左形右声)。

ɡuō(蝈蝈儿)

ɡuó(巾帼)(巾帼英雄)

5.裹(外形内声)、裸(左形右声)、踝(左形右声)、棵(左形右声)、稞(左形右声)、课(左形右声)、颗(右形左声)、窠(上形下声)。

ɡuǒ(裹脚)(裹乱)(裹腿)(裹胁xié)(裹挟xié)(裹扎)(裹足不前)(包裹)(缠裹)(卷裹)(围裹)(装裹)(马革裹尸)(红装素裹)

luǒ(裸露)(裸麦)(裸视)(裸体)(裸线)(裸眼)(裸装)(赤裸)(赤身裸体)(赤裸裸)

huái(踝子骨)(脚踝)(内踝)(外踝)

kē(棵儿)(棵子zi)(发棵)(树棵子)

kē(稞麦)(青稞)(青稞酒)

kè(课本)(课表)(课程)(课间)(课卷juàn)(课目)(课时)(课室)(课税)(课堂)

(课题)(课外)(课文)(课业)(课椅)(课余)(课桌)(罢课)(备课)(卜bǔ课)(补课)(大课)(代课)(党课)(功课)(兼课)(讲课)(开课)(旷课)(缺课)(上课)(授课)(听课)(停课)(团课)(温课)

kē(颗粒)(颗粒无存)(颗粒无收)

kē(窠巢cháo)(窠臼jiù)(蜂窠)(狗窠)(鸟窠)(不落窠臼jiù)

6. 捍(左形右声)、焊(左形右声)、悍(左形右声)。

hàn(捍蔽)(捍拒)(捍卫)(捍御yù)

hàn(焊缝)(焊工)(焊管)(焊花)(焊剂)(焊接)(焊口)(焊料)(焊钳)(焊枪)(焊丝)(焊条)(焊锡xī)(点焊)(电焊)(冷焊)(铆焊)(气焊)(熔焊)(烧焊)

hàn(悍匪)(悍妇)(悍将jiànɡ)(悍然)(悍勇)(刁悍)(精悍)(剽piāo悍)(强悍)(骁xiāo悍)(短小精悍)

它叫“蒲葵”,很多人可能没听过但却用过,夏天没它很“难熬”

前言

导读:它叫“蒲葵”,很多人可能没听过但却用过,夏天没它很“难熬”

都说“日过夏至渐热”,古人这话说得一点都不夸张。自从进入到夏至节气以后,气温是一天比一天热了,常常是出现三十八九度的高温天气,即便是室内有空调,可是一旦出来了还是热得浑身难受。

那在没有空调的时代,夏天又是如何度过的呢?今天和大家说一种不一样的植物——蒲葵,可能很多人没有听说过它的大名,但应该都有用过,因为没有空调的日子里,它曾是降温“神器”,没有它的夏日很难熬。你有印象吗?

蒲葵的小科普

在神话故事《西游记》中,唐僧师徒四人过火焰山的时候,为了扇灭火焰山的大火,孙悟空去找铁扇公主借芭蕉扇,其实这芭蕉扇就是蒲扇,而之所以叫它芭蕉扇,那是因为它长得很像芭蕉叶而已,因此而得名。另外家喻户晓的济公和尚,他一年四季拿在手里的破扇子,也是一把蒲扇。而蒲扇的制作材料,就是蒲葵。

蒲葵这个大名,可能很多人都没有听说过,但是蒲扇绝对是如雷贯耳了,很多的80后、90后小时候的夏季,可是伴随着妈妈,或者是外婆(奶奶)的蒲扇入睡的。

在当时的条件比较简陋,很多地区还没有通电。而到了夏季消暑三宝也就拿出来了,它们分别是蒲扇、蚊帐和草席。其中蒲扇的出镜率最高,白天晚上都是离不开它的。当热得不行的时候,基本上是人手一把,不仅大人有,小孩子也会有一把。只能是借助于这样的简单粗暴的方法来给自己降温。可能北方地区以蒲草做扇子的较多,可是在南方地区,基本都是用蒲葵为之。

而制作蒲扇的树木就是蒲葵,它是棕榈科、蒲葵属的多年生常绿乔木,树干非常的高大,可以长到20米以上,并且基部膨大,而叶子也很宽大,基部常膨大,非常适合制作蒲扇,它的果实是椭圆形橄榄状。

蒲葵的价值参考

蒲葵是一种喜温暖、湿润环境的植物,它有较强的耐贫瘠能力,但是却不耐干旱,惧怕北方烈日曝晒,因此主要是分布在我国南方一带,其中广东、广西、福建等省份就比较多,过去也曾经把它作为一种经济树木大面积种植。

蒲葵其实全身都是宝,它的嫩叶子能用来制作蒲扇,方法也不复杂,但是比较的繁琐。先是要把蒲葵叶子砍回来,一般留取叶柄长30厘米以上,然后把它放到太阳下面晾晒,大约要连续晒上20天左右,一直等到叶子全干了,这个时候它也就由绿色变成了白色。然后还要经过水洗烘干,并以重物压平;之后才会根据葵叶的大小,剪成不同规格的扇形,最后再用篾丝、丝线缘其边,仍用其葵柄为扇柄,这样一把蒲扇就做好了。

用蒲葵树叶子制作的蒲扇非常的轻巧,并且还很耐用,一把如果保护得当,用上五六年也不会坏。就算是坏了,也一般都是边缘先坏。而家庭妇女们就会用针线活把它的边缘缝补一下。有些人新的蒲扇买回来了,也会第一时间对其进行包边,这样不光是起到美化、装饰,同时还能保护蒲扇的边缘。

在过去因为蒲扇的需求量很大,家家户户都要购买,并且一家人就要购买数把蒲扇,在当时一年就要卖出去数亿把蒲扇。虽然一把蒲扇才几块钱,但是大家看得都很珍重。所以很多地方都会发展种植蒲葵,并且把它制作成为蒲扇售卖。

蒲葵不光是可以制作蒲扇,它的老叶子还能制作成为蓑衣。另外还可以编制成为船篷、盖房顶的遮盖物和葵席、花篮、画扇、织扇等工艺品,远销日本、欧美和南洋等国家和地区。

除此以外,蒲葵的果实和根还能入药的,就连它叶子裂片的肋脉都有大用途,在过去常把它加工成为牙签;这个要比竹子的牙签更实用。

结束语

但是在今天,蒲葵的用途已经发生了很大的变化,在很多地方都已经不种植蒲葵了,它更多的作为一种观赏植物了,只因它是四季常青的,并且长得也很高大,具有很高的观赏价值。南方有些公园、酒店、路边,就能看到高高的成排的蒲葵树木。

但是大家需要注意,蒲葵和棕榈可是两种不同的植物,不要把它们搞混了。这两者都是属于棕榈科的植物,由于长得很像,常常难以区分,很多人也把它们当成一种植物。其实蒲葵是更高大的植物,能长到20米以上,而棕榈比较低矮,最高也就是10米左右。

同时蒲葵的分布很有限,因为它不耐炎热,也不耐寒冷,而棕榈适应性很强,国内大部分地区都有分布。当然了叶子也有区别,蒲葵的叶则较大,叶裂较浅,叶片尖端自然下垂。而棕榈的叶片不仅小,而且叶片裂缝较为明显,因此它是很不适合用来做扇子。估计很多农村长大的小伙伴,小时候也有用棕榈叶子来做扇子,可是却不耐用,并且非常的细小。

现在因为有了风扇,再加上空调也进入到了千家万户了。很多的商家,也常用塑胶的扇子来做广告,所以蒲扇在市面上已经很少见到了,也就是一些上了年纪的老人,依然还会坚持用蒲扇,因为他们多数不敢吹空调,也不习惯吹风扇,还是喜欢用蒲扇。

各位朋友们,你们小时候可有用过蒲扇呢?还记得它吗?在当时没有了蒲扇是很难熬的,就如现在人说要空调“续命”,几十年前老百姓就是靠蒲扇来“续命”,它不光是能降温,还能驱赶蚊虫,夏季还可以起到遮阳帽的作用,用途太广了。

在你的家乡还有人种植它吗?在你的印象中,蒲扇还有哪些故事呢?欢迎大家伙在下面的评论区留言讨论!

图片来源网络,侵权可删除!

中英双语小说连载 全球销量超1200万册的现象级小说 沼泽深处的女孩

38

Sunday Justice 周日正义

1970

Kya's eyes blinked shut against sharp light that poured from overhead lamps and windows as tall as the ceiling. For two months she'd lived in dimness, and now, opening her eyes again, caught a soft edge of the marsh outside. Rounded oaks sheltering shrub-sized ferns and winter holly. She tried to hold the vital green a second longer but was led by firm hands toward a long table and chairs where her attorney, Tom Milton, sat. Her wrists were cuffed in front, forcing her hands into an awkward prayer pose. Dressed in black slacks and a plain white blouse, with a single braid falling between her shoulder blades, she didn't turn her head to look at the spectators. Still, she felt the heat and rustle of people knotted into the courtroom for her murder trial. Could sense people's shoulders and heads waggling to catch a glimpse of her. To see her in handcuffs. A smell of sweat, old smoke, and cheap perfume increased her nausea. Coughing noises ceased but the hubbub rose as she neared her seat—all distant sounds to her, because mostly she heard the sickness of her own jagged breathing. She stared at the floorboards—highly polished heart pine—while the cuffs were removed, and then sat heavy into the chair. It was 9:30 A.M. on February 25, 1970.

刺眼的光线从头顶的灯泡和几乎有天花板那么高的窗户倾泻下来,基娅眨着眼睛,难以睁开。两个月来,她待在昏暗中,而现在,再次睁开眼睛,她看到了外面湿地柔软的边缘。圆圆的橡树荫蔽着灌木大小的蕨类植物和冬青。她想再多看一会儿那生命的绿色,但一双坚定的手将她带到一张长桌和几把椅子旁,她的辩护律师汤姆·米尔顿坐在那儿。基娅的手腕被铐在身前,迫使她的手扭成一个奇怪的祈祷姿势。她穿着黑色长裤和简单的白衬衫,一条辫子垂在肩头。她没有转头看旁听席,但能感受到聚集在法庭里的人们散发的热量和喧闹,他们都是来看她的谋杀审判的。她能感受到,人们摇头晃脑,就为了能看她一眼,看她戴着手铐。一股汗水、烟和廉价香水的混合味道加剧了她的恶心。随着她靠近自己的位置,咳嗽声停了下来,但骚动有增无减——于她而言都是遥远的声音,因为她几乎只能听到自己忽快忽慢的、病态的喘息声。她看着地板——仔细抛光过的松心木。手铐被解开,她重重地坐到椅子上。此刻是一九七〇年二月二十五日上午九点半。

Tom leaned close to her and whispered that everything would be all right. She said nothing but searched his eyes for sincerity, anything to hang on. Not that she believed him, but for the first time ever, she had to put herself in the charge of another. Rather tall for seventy-one years, he wore his thick white hair and frumpy linen suits with the accidental if clichéd grace of a country statesman. He moved gently and spoke quietly behind a pleasant smile that lived on his face.

汤姆靠近她,轻声说,一切都会好的。她什么都没说,但试图在他的眼睛里找到真诚,或任何可以依靠的东西。她并不相信他,但人生第一次,她不得不把自己放到别人手中。汤姆七十一岁了,在同龄人中长得算高的,戴着厚厚的白色假发,穿着过时的亚麻西装,偶尔流露出乡村政治家有些老套的优雅。他动作轻柔,说话轻声细语,脸上总是带着令人愉快的微笑。

Judge Sims had appointed a young attorney for Miss Clark, since she had taken no action to do so herself, but when Tom Milton heard of this, he came out of retirement and requested to represent her pro bono. Like everyone else, he had heard stories about the Marsh Girl, and over the years had seen her occasionally, either drifting sleekly through waterways as part of the current or scurrying from the grocery like a coon from a rubbish bin.

法官西姆斯一开始替克拉克小姐指定了一位年轻律师,因为她自己没有采取任何行动。但汤姆·米尔顿听说这件事后,中断了退休生活,请求为她无偿辩护。就像其他人一样,他听说过湿地女孩的故事,过去也偶尔见到她。有时是在水道里平滑地行驶,如同水流的一部分;有时是从杂货店里疾跑出来,像从垃圾桶里蹿出的浣熊。

When he first visited Kya in jail two months ago, he'd been led into a small dark room, where she sat at a table. She had not looked up at him. Tom had introduced himself, saying he would represent her, but she didn't speak or raise her eyes. He had an overpowering urge to reach out and pat her hand, but something—maybe her upright posture or the way she stared, vacant-eyed—shielded her from touch. Moving his head at different angles—trying to capture her eyes—he explained the court procedures, what she should expect, and then asked her some questions. But she never answered, never moved, and never looked at him. As they led her from the room, she turned her head and glimpsed through a small window where she could see the sky. Seabirds shrieked over the town harbor, and Kya seemed to be watching their songs.

两个月前,他第一次去监狱里探访基娅,被引进了一间小黑屋。基娅坐在桌旁,没有抬头看他。汤姆做了自我介绍,说自己将为她辩护,但她没有说话,也没有抬眼。他有一种强烈的冲动,想伸出手拍拍她的手,但有些东西——可能是她笔直的坐姿,也可能是她看人的方式,那空洞的眼神——阻止了他的动作。为了和她对视,他不断调整视线,向她解释了庭审流程和可能发生的事,然后问了一些问题。但她始终没开口,一动不动,都没看他一眼。后来,他们将她带出房间时,她转过头,看着小窗外,从那儿能看到天空。海鸟在海湾上空鸣叫,基娅好像在看它们的歌声。

On his next visit Tom reached into a brown paper bag and slid a glossy coffee-table book toward her. Titled The Rarest Shells of the World, it opened to life-sized oil paintings of shells from the most distant shores on Earth. Her mouth partly open, she turned slowly through the pages, nodding at particular specimens. He gave her time. Then, once again he spoke to her, and this time she looked into his eyes. With easy patience, he explained the court procedures and even drew a picture of the courtroom, showing the jury box, the judge's bench, where the attorneys and she would sit. Then he added stick figures of the bailiff, the judge, and the recorder and explained their roles.

第二次来访时,汤姆从一个棕色纸袋里拿出一本亮面的咖啡桌摆设书,书名为《世界上最罕见的贝壳》,里面收录了许多来自世界上最遥远海岸的实物大小的贝壳油画。她因为吃惊嘴微微张开,慢慢翻着书页,看到某些特殊的标本时会点点头。他留给她足够的时间,然后,再次尝试和她说话。这次,她回应了他的视线。他温和而耐心地解释了庭审流程,还画了一张法庭示意图,告诉她陪审团席、法官席,以及律师和她的座位。接着,他简单描画了法警、法官、书记员的外形特点以及各自的角色。

As on the first meeting, he tried to explain the evidence against her and to ask about her whereabouts on the night Chase died, but she pulled back into her shell at any mention of details. Later, when he stood to leave, she slid the book back across the table, but he said, “No, I brought it for you. It's yours.”

和第一次见面时一样,他试图解释对她不利的证据,询问蔡斯死亡当晚她的去向,但每每提及细节,她都缩回到贝壳世界中。后来,当他站起身准备离开时,她把桌上的书推了回去,但他说:“不,这是我带来给你的。是你的了。”

She bit her lips and blinked.

她咬住嘴唇,眨了眨眼。

AND NOW IN THECOURTROOM for the first time, he tried to distract her from the bustle behind them by pointing out the features of the courtroom in the drawing. But diversion was useless. By 9:45 A.M. the gallery overflowed with villagers filling every pew and buzzed with high-pitched comments about the evidence, the death penalty. A small balcony at the rear seated twenty more, and though not marked, everybody understood colored people were restricted to the balcony. Today, it was filled mostly with whites, with only a few blacks, this being a white case through and through. Sectioned off near the front sat a few journalists from the Atlanta Constitution and the Raleigh Herald. People who couldn't find seats bunched along the back wall and along the sides by the tall windows. Fidgeting, muttering, gossiping. The Marsh Girl put up for murder; it didn't get any better than this. Sunday Justice, the courthouse cat—his back black, his face white with a black mask around green eyes—stretched out in a puddle of sunlight in one of the deep windowsills. A courthouse fixture for years, he cleared the basement of rats and the courtroom of mice, earning his place.

现在,第一次开庭。汤姆通过图画向她指出法庭的特点,试图分散她的注意力,让她忽略身后的喧闹,但没什么效果。到了上午九点四十五分,涌进法庭的镇上居民已经填满了旁听席上的每一个空座,大家都在高声谈论证据和死刑。法庭后面的一个小阳台上也坐了二十几个人。虽然没有明确说明,不过所有人都知道黑人只能待在小阳台上。今天,这里大部分是白人,只有几个黑人,这个案子完完全全是个白人的案子。前排隔离区坐着几个《亚特兰大宪法报》和《罗利先驱报》的记者。找不到座位的人聚集在后墙根和高高的窗户边。到处都在躁动、嘀咕、闲话。湿地女孩杀人了,没有比这更精彩的了。周日正义,那只法庭里的猫——黑色的背,白色的脸,绿色的眼睛周围有一圈黑色面具——舒展身体,躺在一个很宽的窗台上晒太阳。它已经成为法院的一部分,凭借清理地下室和法庭里的老鼠奠定了自己的地位。

Because Barkley Cove was the first village settled in this torn and marshy stretch of the North Carolina coast, the Crown had declared it the county seat and built the original courthouse in 1754. Later, even though other towns such as Sea Oaks became more populated and developed, Barkley Cove remained the official hub for county government.

因为巴克利小湾镇是北卡罗来纳海岸这片破败湿地的第一个定居点,一七五四年,王权宣布这里为县政府驻地,并建立了最早的法院。后来,虽然其他镇子,比如橡树海,人口更多,发展更好,但巴克利小湾镇仍是县政府正式驻地。

Lightning struck the original courthouse in 1912, burning much of the wooden structure to ashes. Rebuilt the next year on the same square at the end of Main Street, it was a brick two-story with twelve-foot windows trimmed in granite. By the 1960s, wild grasses and palmettos, and even a few cattails, had moved in from the marsh and taken over the once-groomed grounds. A lily-choked lagoon flooded in spring and, over the years, had eaten part of the sidewalk.

一九一二年,最早的法院遭遇雷击,大部分木结构都烧成了灰烬,于是第二年在同一位置即主街尽头重建。新法院是一座二层的砖建筑,花岗岩镶边的窗户足有十二英尺高。到了二十世纪六十年代,野草和蒲葵,甚至还有一些香蒲,从湿地蔓延过来,占领了曾经平整的地面。一个满是睡莲的潟湖会在春天涨水,这么多年过去,已然吞噬了一部分人行道。

In contrast, the courtroom itself, designed to replicate the original, was imposing. The elevated judge's bench, made of dark mahogany with a colorful inlay of the state's seal, stood under multiple flags, including the Confederate. The half wall of the jury box, also of mahogany, was trimmed in red cedar, and the windows that lined one side of the room framed the sea.

相反,法庭本身倒是威风凛凛,其设计复制了最初的形态。架高的法官席由深色红木制作而成,镶嵌着彩色的州徽,背后是一排旗子,包括联邦旗。陪审团席的半墙也是红木的,红色雪松木包边。房间一侧是一排窗户,朝向大海。

As the officials entered the courtroom, Tom pointed to the stick figures in his drawing and explained who they were. “That's the bailiff, Hank Jones,” he said as a lanky man of sixty with a hairline that receded past his ears, making his head almost exactly half bald and half not, walked to the front of the room. He wore a gray uniform and a wide belt, hung with a radio, a flashlight, an impressive set of keys, and a holstered Colt six-shooter.

工作人员进入法庭。汤姆指着自己的简笔画,向基娅解释他们都是谁。“那是法警,汉克·琼斯。”他说。一个六十岁上下、身材瘦长的男人走向法庭前面,他的发际线已经退到了耳朵下,脑袋看上去正好秃了一半。他穿着灰色制服,系一条很宽的皮带,上面挂着收音机、手电筒、一大串钥匙和一把装在皮套里的六发式柯尔特左轮手枪。

Mr. Jones called out to the crowd. “Sorry, folks, but y'all know the fire marshal's rules. If ya don't have a seat, ya gotta leave.”

琼斯先生大声对着人群说:“抱歉,各位,但你们也都知道消防局局长的规定,没有座位的人得离开。”

“That's Miss Henrietta Jones, the bailiff's daughter, the court recorder,” Tom explained as a young woman, as tall and thin as her father, walked in quietly and sat at a desk near the judge's bench. Already seated, the prosecuting attorney, Mr. Eric Chastain, unpacked note pads from his briefcase. Eric, a broad-chested, redheaded man of nearly six feet, dressed in blue suits and wide bright ties purchased at Sears, Roebuck in Asheville.

“那是亨丽埃塔·琼斯小姐,法警的女儿,是书记员。”一位年轻的女士,和她的父亲一样又高又瘦,安静地走进房间,坐在法官席附近的一张桌子旁。公诉人埃里克·查斯顿已经坐定,从手提包里拿出笔记本。宽胸膛,红头发,身高接近六英尺,穿着蓝色西装,配了在阿什维尔的西尔斯-罗巴克百货买的亮色宽领带。

Bailiff Jones called, “All rise. This court is in session. The Honorable Judge Harold Sims presiding.” Sudden silence fell. The chamber door opened and Judge Sims entered and nodded for everyone to sit, and asked both the prosecuting and defense attorneys to approach the bench. A large-boned man with a round face and bold white sideburns, he lived in Sea Oaks but had officiated over Barkley Cove cases for nine years. He was generally considered to be a no-nonsense, levelheaded, and fair arbitrator. His voice boomed across the room.

法警琼斯大声说:“所有人起立。现在开庭。尊敬的哈罗德·西姆斯法官入场。”法庭里顿时安静下来。门开了,西姆斯法官进屋,点头示意大家坐下,然后请公诉人和辩护律师都靠近法官席。法官是一个大块头的男人,圆脸,两鬓银白。他住在橡树海,但审理巴克利小湾镇的案子已有九年,大家都认为他是一个严肃、冷静、公平的仲裁者。他的声音响彻法庭。

“Mr. Milton, your motion to relocate this trial to another county on the grounds that Miss Clark cannot get a fair trial due to prejudices against her in this community is denied. I accept that she has lived in unusual circumstances and been subjected to some prejudice, but I see no evidence that she has endured more prejudices than many people on trial in small towns all across this nation. And some large towns, for that matter. We will proceed here and now.” Nods of approval eased through the room as the attorneys returned to their seats.

“米尔顿先生,你提议此案另移他县审理,因为考虑到克拉克小姐会因在此地受到的歧视而无法得到公正的审判。动议未通过。我承认她生活在不同寻常的环境里,受到一定程度的歧视,但我认为没有足够的证据证明,她比全国范围内其他许多小镇上的受审人承受了更多歧视。就这点而言,也包括一些大的镇子。我们将在此地此刻开始审理。”房间里的人互相点头表示同意。两位律师回到各自的座位。

He continued. “Catherine Danielle Clark of Barkley County, North Carolina, you are charged with murder in the first degree of Chase Lawrence Andrews, formerly of Barkley Cove. First-degree murder is defined as a premeditated act and, in such cases, the state is allowed to seek the death penalty. The prosecutor has announced that they will do so if you are found guilty.” The room murmured.

法官继续说道:“北卡罗来纳州巴克利县的凯瑟琳·丹妮尔·克拉克,你被指控杀害巴克利小湾镇的蔡斯·劳伦斯·安德鲁斯,犯一级谋杀罪。一级谋杀被界定为有预谋的行为,在此类案件中,本州允许判处死刑。公诉人已宣布,如果证实你有罪,他们将申请死刑。”房间里发出嗡嗡声。

Tom seemed to have inched slightly closer to Kya, and she didn't deny herself that comfort.

汤姆似乎靠近了基娅一点,她没有拒绝这份安慰。

“We will begin the jury selection.” Judge Sims turned toward the first two rows filled with potential jurors. As he read off a list of rules and conditions, Sunday Justice jumped down from the windowsill with a thud and, in one fluid motion, leapt onto the judge's bench. Absentmindedly, Judge Sims stroked the cat's head as he continued.

“我们将开始挑选陪审团。”西姆斯法官转向前两排人,他们都是潜在的陪审员。他开始宣读一系列规则与条件,周日正义从窗台上跳下来,发出砰的一声,然后麻利地跳上了法官席。法官大人心不在焉地挠了挠它的头,继续念。

“In capital cases, the State of North Carolina allows a juror to be excused if he or she does not believe in the death penalty. Please raise your hand if you will not or cannot impose the death sentence if a guilty verdict is delivered.” No hands were raised.

“在死刑案件中,北卡罗来纳州允许一名陪审员退出,如果他或她反对死刑。如果你无法在有罪判定后施加死刑,请举手。”没人举手。

“Death penalty” was all Kya heard.

基娅只听到了“死刑”。

The judge continued. “Another legitimate reason to be excused from the jury is if you have now or had in the past such a close relationship with either Miss Clark or Mr. Andrews that you cannot be objective in this case. Please let me know now if you feel this is true.”

法官继续念道:“另一个从陪审团退出的合法理由是,你现在或过去与克拉克小姐或安德鲁斯先生关系非常密切,以致无法在本案中保持客观。如有此情况,请告知。”

From the middle of the second row, Mrs. Sally Culpepper lifted her hand and stated her name. Her gray hair was pulled back severely in a tiny knot, and her hat, suit, and shoes bore the same dull brown.

坐在第二排中间位置的萨莉·卡尔佩珀夫人举起手,报了自己的名字。她灰色的头发一丝不苟地向后梳成一个小髻,而帽子、套装和鞋子都是同样无趣的棕色。

“All right, Sally, tell me what's on your mind,” the judge said.

“好的,萨莉,说说你的情况。”法官说。

“As you know, I was the truant officer for Barkley County for nearly twenty-five years. Miss Clark was one of my cases, and so I had some dealings with her, or tried to.”

“正如您所知,我做巴克利县的训导员大概有二十五年了。克拉克小姐是我经手的一个案子,所以我和她有些来往,或者说试图有来往。”

Kya couldn't see Mrs. Culpepper or anyone in the main gallery unless she turned around, which of course she'd never do. But she remembered clearly the last time Mrs. Culpepper sat in the car while the man in the fedora tried to chase her down. Kya had been as easy on the old man as she could, taking off noisily through brambles to give him a clue, then circling back and hiding in some bushes next to the car. But Fedora ran in the opposite direction toward the beach.

基娅看不见旁听席里的卡尔佩珀夫人或其他人,除非她转身,但毫无疑问,她绝不会这么做。不过,她还清楚地记得,卡尔佩珀夫人最后一次去找她时,坐在车里,那个戴着灰色呢帽的男人则在外面追踪她。基娅戏弄着那个老男人,穿过荆棘丛时发出声音,给他留下线索,然后再绕回来躲在车附近的灌木丛里。但呢帽先生朝着沙滩跑,去了完全相反的方向。

Crouching there, Kya shook a holly branch against the car door, and Mrs. Culpepper looked out the window directly into her eyes. She thought at the time that the truant lady smiled slightly. In any case, she made no attempt to give her away when Fedora returned, cussing up a streak, then driving down the road for good.

基娅蹲在那里,把一根冬青枝条晃到了车门上,卡尔佩珀夫人看向窗外,与她的视线直接对上了。当时,她觉得这位训导员露出了浅浅的微笑。不管怎么说,呢帽先生一路骂骂咧咧回来时,她没有试图出卖她,他们就这么开车走了,再没来过。

Now, Mrs. Culpepper said to the judge, “Well, since I had dealings with her, I don't know if that means I should be excused.”

现在,卡尔佩珀夫人对法官说:“好吧,因为我和她有来往,我不知道这是否意味着我应该退出。”

Judge Sims said, “Thank you, Sally. Some of you may have dealt with Miss Clark in the shops or in official ways, as in Mrs. Culpepper's case, the truant officer. The point is: can you listen to the testimony given here and decide whether she's guilty or innocent based on the evidence, not on past experience or feelings?”

西姆斯法官说:“谢谢,萨莉。你们中的一些人可能和克拉克小姐在商店里或者某些官方事宜上打过交道,正如训导员卡尔佩珀夫人这种情况。关键是:你能否听取本庭证词,然后根据证据决定嫌疑人是否有罪,而不受过去经历和感情的影响?”

“Yessir, I'm sure I can do that. Your Honor.”

“是的先生,我确定可以做到,法官大人。”

“Thank you, Sally, you can stay.”

“谢谢,萨莉,你可以留下。”

By 11:30 seven women and five men sat in the jury box. From there Kya could see them and stole glances at their faces. Most of them she recognized from the village, though she knew few of the names. Mrs. Culpepper sat squarely in the middle and gave slight comfort to Kya. But next to her sat Teresa White, blond wife of the Methodist preacher, who years ago had rushed from the shoe shop to whisk her daughter away from Kya as she stood on the curb after having lunch in the diner with Pa—that one and only time. Mrs. White, who had told her daughter that Kya was dirty, now sat on the jury.

十一点半,七个女人和五个男人坐到了陪审团席。基娅能看到他们,偷偷观察他们的脸色。她认出其中大部分是镇上的人,虽然她叫不出几个名字。卡尔佩珀夫人端坐在中间,这给了基娅一点安慰。但她旁边坐着特蕾莎·怀特,卫理公会牧师的金发妻子。很多年前,她曾经从鞋店里冲出来,把自己的女儿从基娅身边拉开,基娅当时和爸爸一起在小饭馆吃完午饭,正站在路边——那是他们唯一一次一起在外面吃饭。怀特夫人告诉女儿,基娅很肮脏,而如今她坐在陪审团席。

Judge Sims called for a lunch recess until 1:00 P.M. The diner would bring over tuna fish, chicken salad, and ham sandwiches for the jurors, who would eat in the deliberation room. To be fair to the town's two eating establishments, the Dog-Gone Beer Hall would deliver hot dogs, chili, and shrimp po'boys on alternative days. They always brought something for the cat, too. Sunday Justice preferred the po'boys.

西姆斯法官要求休庭至下午一点。小饭馆会给陪审员们送来金枪鱼、鸡肉沙拉和火腿三明治。他们将在审议室里用餐。为了公平起见,镇上两家餐饮店中的另一家——狗日啤酒屋,隔天会送来热狗、辣椒和虾肉三明治。他们也常给那只猫带点食物。周日正义更喜欢三明治。